NBEO Histology Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• In bone remodeling, which cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption?
• Growth Hormone is secreted by which cells in the anterior pituitary?
• In arteries, which tunic is the most prominent?
• A tumor of the adrenal medulla is called what?
• Which retinal layer contains the cell bodies of ganglion cells?
• Which of the following does NOT occur during anaphylactic shock?
• Which term is used for macrophages located in the lungs?
• What are macrophages found in the brain called?
• What is commonly referred to as the powerhouse of the cell?
• What is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood?
• Which two structures create the blood-ocular barrier most significantly?
• The inner medulla of the adrenal gland contains which granules that produce epinephrine and norepinephrine?
• Which statement is true about osteoclasts?
• Which anatomical feature is associated with the stem cell niche for corneal epithelium at the limbus?
• Which organ produces albumin?
• Which tissue forms the main histology of the sclera?
• From which embryologic origin do the corneal endothelium and stroma arise?
• The pars nervosa is the portion of which gland that stores hormones?
• The adrenal medulla contains granules that secrete which substances?
• Which cell type forms the anterior border layer of the iris and contains densely packed melanocytes?
• Which statement about corneal endothelial versus epithelial regenerative capacity is true?
• Which vascular layer supplies the outer retina, particularly the choriocapillaris?
• Which epithelium best describes the iris posterior epithelium due to melanin content?
• In veins, which tunic is most prominent?
• What photopigments are used by rods and cones?
• Which ocular condition is MOST associated with hyperparathyroidism?
• Which of the following is NOT associated with the liver?
• Dysfunction of the Meibomian glands would primarily affect which tear film layer?
• Which corneal layer is acellular and provides a barrier between the epithelium and stroma?
• In lacrimal ducts, the epithelium is generally simple cuboidal to columnar, with larger ducts potentially becoming what?
• A primary malignant melanoma will most likely metastasize to which organ?
• Which glial cell forms myelin in the peripheral nervous system?
• Which organ houses the progenitors that give rise to B lymphocytes?
• Which hormone is produced by basophilic cells of the anterior pituitary?
• Which retina layer contains the synapses between bipolar cells and ganglion cells?
• Which cell type is primarily responsible for producing the bone matrix?
• The ________ is a region within the nucleus that contains dense chromatin and protein machinery necessary for the production of rRNA.
• Which of the following always comprises 1/3 of the collagen structure?
• What is the main function of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)?
• Which layer of the retina is directly associated with the optic nerve head formation where axons exit the eye?
• What is the secretion method of the Glands of Zeis?
• How are corneal stromal collagen lamellae arranged to maintain transparency?
• What is the main component and organization of the iris stroma?
• What type of epithelium lines the posterior surface of the iris?
• How are the ciliary muscle fibers oriented histologically?
• Where do B lymphocytes originate?
• Which condition is caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations passed through maternal inheritance?
• Which statement about cholesterol is NOT true?
• Which cell type contains histamine in its granules?
• Which cell type is the primary phagocyte during the early stage of bacterial infection?
• What is the histology of lacrimal duct epithelium?
• Detoxification of lipid-soluble drugs in the liver is a primary function of which organelle?
• Which organelle works with the Rough ER to modify proteins that are exported from the cell?
• Which statement is NOT a major function of the liver?
• Which pairing of gland and secretion method is correct according to the material?
• From which embryologic germ layer does the corneal epithelium originate?
• Which retinal layer contains synapses between photoreceptors and bipolar cells?
• Which organelle is most closely associated with ribosomes and protein synthesis for export?
• Where are goblet cells most abundant in the ocular surface?
• Which organ is primarily responsible for removing and storing fat-soluble vitamins?
• Which effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on bronchioles?
• Where do T lymphocytes mature?
• Outer blood-retinal barrier is formed by tight junctions in which structure?
• Which gland primarily forms the lipid layer of the tear film?
• Which forms the core of microvilli?
• What is the appearance of the posterior surface of the iris epithelium?
• What is the primary histochemical marker used to identify cone photoreceptors?
• Moll glands are what type of glands and what do they secrete?
• Which vessel is primarily responsible for delivering oxygen to the liver?
• Which of the following PRODUCES ADH and oxytocin?
• Which of the following is NOT true about the posterior pituitary gland?
• Which condition primarily targets endocrine glands?
• Where is the sphincter pupillae muscle located histologically?
• Zeis glands secrete what?
• Which organelle contains its own DNA and is inherited maternally?
• Which retinal layer contains the cell bodies of bipolar, horizontal, and amacrine cells?
• What is the secretion method of the Meibomian glands?
• What is the primary collagen type in the sclera?
• Which type of anemia is associated with low levels of intrinsic factor?
• Which epidermal layer is the outermost protective layer of the skin?
• Which tear film protein is antimicrobial and abundant in tears?
• Which epithelial change is typically seen in the conjunctiva but not in the cornea?
• What is the large ribosomal subunit of a Eukaryote?
• What type of gland is the Meibomian gland described as histologically?
• What is the large ribosomal subunit of a Prokaryote?
• Basal cell carcinomas occur in which layer of the epidermis?
• Which organ is essential for maturation of T lymphocytes?
• Which gland forms the aqueous layer of the tear film?
• Which of the following conditions is caused by excess Growth Hormone?
• Which layer of the skin is found in thick skin but not in thin skin?
• Which structures connect the ciliary body to the lens?
• What are the two iris muscles and their histological location?
• Bowman's layer and Descemet's membrane differ histologically in what way?
• The cellular accumulation seen in Tay-Sachs disease is primarily within which organelle?
• Is Acromegaly more associated with adults?
• Calcitonin's effect on blood calcium levels?
• Do Eukaryotes or Prokaryotes have 80S ribosomes?
• In a histology context, which vessel wall layer is primarily composed of smooth muscle?
• What is the lamina cribrosa?
• Which statement about cone photopigments is true?
• Which layer forms the boundary between the cornea and sclera at the limbus?
• ______________ are comprised of a sulfated GAG bound to a protein.
• Which organ produces bile?
• Which posterior corneal membrane is secreted by the endothelium and thickens with age?
• What is the secretion method of the Glands of Moll?
• Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS) are characteristic of which splenic component?
• Which is NOT a main component of the portal triad found within the liver?
• Which hormone increases osteoclast activity?
• Where do B lymphocytes mature?
• Where can transitional epithelium be found?
• Which vessel is primarily responsible for delivering nutrients to the liver?
• What best describes central macula histology?
• The main tissue origin of skeletal muscle is which germ layer?
• What is the secretion method of the main lacrimal gland?
• Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
• Which subunit is the small ribosomal subunit in prokaryotes?
• Glands of Moll secrete by which mechanism?
• Which type of cell junction does NOT connect cell to cell and therefore does not provide structural support?
• Which organ has both endocrine and exocrine functions?
• Macrophages found in the intestine are called what?
• Which of the following is NOT a primary location for stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium?
• What is the small ribosomal subunit of a Prokaryote?
• In thick skin, which layer lies immediately deep to the Stratum Corneum?
• What structural feature of the corneal stroma primarily preserves transparency?
• The portal vein delivers what to the liver?
• What type of epithelium covers the anterior surface of the cornea?
• How do inner and outer retinal blood supplies differ?
• Which hormone raises blood calcium levels by acting on bone?
• Which germ layer gives rise to iris muscles?
• What is the histology of the iris posterior epithelium?
• What is the only mitotic layer in the epidermis?
• What is the primary function of the lacrimal gland’s serous acini?
• Which option best completes the mnemonic SAD to describe the three main functions of simple epithelial cells?
• What produces the myelin sheath in the PNS?
• Which structure stimulates the posterior pituitary to release stored hormones?
• Which autosomal recessive disorder presents with a cherry red spot in the macula?
• Which tear-associated protein is commonly found at high levels in tears?
• Which hormone inhibits osteoclast activity?
• Which glial cell forms myelin in the central nervous system?
• The red pulp of the spleen is most associated with which component?
• Which protein is commonly used as a general photoreceptor marker in histology?
• Inner blood-retinal barrier is formed by tight junctions in which structure?
• Which statement is true about red blood cells according to the material?
• The layer where bipolar cells form synapses with ganglion cells is the Inner Plexiform Layer.
• Which glands secrete the lipid layer of the tear film?
• Which statement best describes the outer retina's vascular supply?
• Which feature marks the limbal region that indicates stem cell presence?
• Which gland is located in the sella turcica of the body of the sphenoid bone?
• Which statement is true regarding osteoblasts?
• Which organ stores bile produced by the liver?
• Where do photoreceptors connect to bipolar cells?
• Which is the least common type of white blood cell in the body?
• Which layer lies immediately posterior to the stroma?
• Which white blood cell is primarily involved in defense against parasites and in allergic responses?
• Zonula occludens are located in which epidermal layer?
• Which pituitary hormone is NOT produced by basophils (beta cells)?
• Bruch's membrane is a multilayer extracellular matrix located between which structures?
• Which immunohistochemical marker is commonly used to identify retinal glial cells?
• Which white blood cell is used to destroy parasites?
• Where are Palisades of Vogt located and what is their significance?
• Where is the optic nerve head located and what is histologically notable there?
• The tear film mucin layer is formed by goblet cells and the ocular surface epithelium.
• Which glial cell has neurilemma around peripheral nerves?
• What is the embryologic origin of the corneal epithelium?
• Which cells compose the endfeet that form the Internal Limiting Membrane?
• Which effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on bronchioles?
• What is the primary structural component of the corneal endothelium’s hexagonal mosaic?
• Goblet cells secrete by which mechanism?
• Which catecholamine primarily acts on beta-2 receptors?
• Which iris muscle is radial and located in the iris posterior epithelium?
• Where is rRNA produced?
• The layer known as the germinative or basal layer is which?
• Which layer of the ciliary body secretes aqueous humor?
• What are the two epithelial layers of the ciliary body?
• Which retinal layer contains the synapses between bipolar cells and ganglion/amacrine cells?
• Which structure is primarily responsible for vertical and horizontal integration of retinal signaling in the inner retina?
• Which tissue type makes up the sclera’s outermost region near the scleral spur?
• The iris sphincter and dilator muscles originate from which tissue type?
• The __________ are the only anuclear cells in the body.
• What is the main histology of the sclera?
• Blood-ocular barrier at the level of the ciliary body is formed by tight junctions between which structures?
• What is the general histology of the iris stroma?
• Which gland secretes merocrine secretions in the lacrimal apparatus?
• The white pulp of the spleen is most associated with which component?
• What is a macrophage found in the lung called?
• Which retinal layer contains the synapses between photoreceptors and bipolar/horizontal cells?
• The iris anterior border layer contains which structures?
• Which mode of secretion characterizes the Meibomian gland, as described histologically?
• Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor for intestinal absorption?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the three major regions of the large intestine?
• What produces the myelin sheath in the CNS?
• Which histologic changes characterize the fovea?
• Hyaluronic acid is classified as which type of molecule?
• Which tissue best describes the sclera near the scleral spur?
• Which of the following is NOT considered a granulocyte?
• What histology characterizes lacrimal gland acini and ducts?
• In the bloodstream, which cell type serves as the immediate precursor to macrophages?
• What are macrophages found in the blood called?
• Which iris muscle forms a circular sphincter near the pupil?
• Normal triglycerides are below what value?
• Which layer is directly above the Stratum Spinosum?
• Which layer of the retina is avascular and relies on the choroidal circulation?
• Which gland primarily contributes the aqueous component of tears?
• Which gland is primarily targeted by Sjogren's syndrome?
• The appendix is attached to which major region of the large intestine?
• Which type of pneumocytes are specialized for gas exchange and do not regenerate?
• What is the correct order of the three major regions of the small intestine from the stomach outward?
• NOT caused by an acidophil tumor?
• Which retinal glial cell spans the thickness of the retina and provides structural support?
• Acidophilic hormones include Growth Hormone and which other?
• Which retinal layer contains the cell bodies of photoreceptors (rods and cones)?
• Which specific layer marks the boundary between retina and vitreous, and which cells form it?
• Which gastric cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor?
• Which is the correct anterior-to-posterior order of the corneal layers from front to back?
• Is Gigantism more associated with children?
• In which retinal layer is the visual cycle (retinoid recycling) primarily completed?
• Which statement about retinal blood supply is correct?
• Which layer is the outermost layer of the epidermis in thick skin?
• Mitochondrial DNA is inherited through which parent?
• Which of the following is a major region of the large intestine?
• Parathyroid hormone's effect on blood calcium levels?
• Which layer of the retina is directly adjacent to Bruch’s membrane?
• Which organ is primarily involved in detoxification and metabolic regulation?
• Which layer secretes aqueous humor from the ciliary body?
• Intrinsic factor is produced by which gastric cell type?
• Goblet cells secrete mucins that contribute to which layer of the tear film?
• Which retinal layer carries the axons of ganglion cells as they form the optic nerve?
• Which organ produces urea?
• Which cellular junction type is characteristic of the corneal endothelium’s arrangement in maintaining transparency?
• Which type of pneumocytes are specialized for producing surfactant and are able to regenerate?
• Which glial cells provide myelination to optic nerve fibers beyond the lamina cribrosa?
• Cholesterol is considered which type of biomolecule?
• Which cells found in the stomach secrete HCl and intrinsic factor?
• Which of the following cells is NOT produced by a myeloblast?
• The mucin layer of the tear film is produced by which cells?
• What histologic feature characterizes the foveal pit?
• Which layer lies directly above the Stratum Basale?
• Which retinal cells are responsible for K+ buffering and metabolic support throughout the retina?
• Which retinal layer is typically richest in photoreceptors in the peripheral retina?
• PRP leads to which type of degeneration of the optic nerve?
• Which tissue forms the main histology of the sclera?
• What is the histological feature of the inner limiting membrane (ILM) of the retina?
• _______________ is the most abundant protein found in plasma and maintains blood osmolarity.
• Which cells are responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain?
• Which statement correctly describes the inner limiting membrane in the retina?
• What is the most common type of white blood cell found in the body?
• Normal total cholesterol is below what value?
• Squamous cell carcinomas occur in which layer of the epidermis?
• Which histologic feature differentiates corneal endothelium from corneal epithelium in terms of regeneration?
• Which of the following cell types are NOT considered binuclear?
• Which gland stores hormones released from the hypothalamus?
• What is the primary functional unit of the lens and what is its histologic characteristic?
• Bruch's membrane lies between which two structures, and thickening can contribute to drusen and AMD changes?
• Steroid production in the adrenal cortex is a function of which organelle?
• Which part of the optic nerve is traversed by the central retinal artery and vein?
• What structures form the inner surface of the ciliary body and secrete aqueous humor?
• In which retinal layer do bipolar cells receive signals from photoreceptors?
• Which forms the core of both cilia and flagella and also constitutes the spindle apparatus during cell division?
• Which corneal layer maintains deturgescence via ion pumps?
• From which germ layer does the corneal epithelium derive?
• Which secretion method is used by goblet cells?
• Which cell type is primarily responsible for maintaining the bone matrix?
• Which epidermal layer forms the boundary with the dermis?
• Which cells in the alveoli are specialized for gas exchange and secrete surfactant?
• What are the 3 major regions of the small intestine?
• Which retinal layer contains the axons that form the optic nerve?
• Which cell type is primarily responsible for breaking down and remodeling the bone matrix?
• The cornea is lined by which type of epithelium?
• Parietal cells secrete intrinsic factor which helps promote the absorption of which vitamin?
• Name the two gland types associated with the eyelid margin and their secretions.
• The outer blood-retinal barrier is formed by which retinal layer?
• What are macrophages found in the liver called?
• What is the small ribosomal subunit of a Eukaryote?
• Meibomian glands secrete lipids that form which tear film layer?
• Tay-Sachs disease is inherited in which pattern?
• Gigantism and Acromegaly are both caused by excess Growth Hormone.
• Which region is associated with the stem cell niche in the peripheral cornea?
• Which organisms have 70S ribosomes?
• Platelets produce which enzyme that converts prothrombin to thrombin?
• Where do T lymphocytes originate?
• Which cell type is a key component of the iris stroma?
• Which hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary and released in response to hypothalamic stimulation?
• What histologic feature marks the transition zone at the corneal periphery (limbus) with stem cell presence?
• Does the small intestine or large intestine contain microvilli?